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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide are the primary functions of the respiratory system. The respiratory system carries out these life-sustaining acts in close coordination with the circulatory system. Most of the time, we remain blissfully unaware of these automatic functions. The respiratory organs deliver oxygen to the circulatory system. The circulatory system transports the oxygen to all body cells. Oxygen is used by cells to liberate the energy needed for cellular activities. The respiratory system also removes carbon dioxide. Thus, the circulatory system prevents the buildup of this lethal waste byproduct in the body tissues. Irreversible damage to tissues can occur if the respiratory system is halted even for a few minutes. This can cause failure of all the other body systems. The consequence is death! NOSE COMMENCES THE RESPIRATORY PROCESS The respiratory system begins from the nose. It ends in the lungs. The respiratory system is broadly divided into two parts, viz., the upper and the lower respiratory tracts. The upper respirator tract is made up of the nose and the throat (pharynx). The lower respiratory tract includes five organs. They are the voice box (larynx), and the windpipe (trachea), bronchi, bronchioles and the lungs. The trachea splits into the two branches called bronchi. The bronchi further gets divided into further smaller branches called bronchioles. The lungs are a pair of spongy saclike organs. The bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx and the nose transport air to and from the lungs. It is the lungs that interact with the circulatory system for delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the lungs. THE RESPIRATION PROCESS Respiration is a two-pronged process. It involves the respiratory and the circulatory systems. Respiration connotes the coordinated functioning whereby the cells are delivered oxygen and the lethal carbon dioxide is removed. The first phase: The nose begins the first phase of respiration. This is done with inhaling or inhalation (breathing in). The process brings in air along with oxygen from outside the body into the lungs. From the lungs, oxygen goes via the blood vessels to the heart. The heart pumps the oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body. The first phase of respiration ends with the oxygen moving into the cells from the bloodstream. The second phase: The second phase commences after the oxygen gets into the cells. The cells use the oxygen to produce energy. This independent process is called cellular respiration. It produces the byproduct -- carbon dioxide. The accumulated carbon dioxide now moves from the cells to the bloodstream. Next, the bloodstream transports the carbon dioxide to the heart. Then, the carbon dioxide-laden blood is pumped back to the lungs. The third phase: Again the nose comes into picture during this stage. The lungs push the byproduct to the nose from where it is exhaled or breathed out. This is the final or the third stage when the body gets rid of the carbon dioxide. At the end of the third stage or the entire respiratory cycle another one starts automatically. OTHER FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM The respiratory system further regulates the balance of acid and base in tissues. This balancing act is crucial for the normal functioning of cells. It protects the body against disease-causing organisms and toxic substances inhaled with air. The respiratory system also houses the cells that detect smell. Moreover, the respiratory system assists in the production of sounds for speech. THE OLFACTORY NERVE The brownish olfactory nerve is also called olfactory receptors. The olfactory nerve inside the nose is the main nerve of smell. The olfactory region is made up of thick nasal soft mucous membrane. Its brownish color is because of a pigment. The olfactory nerve ends in minute varicose fibers (several small branches). These fibers ultimately conclude in the epithelial cells. Mentionably, the epithelial cells project into the nasal free surface. The olfactory nerve is the first to know of any chemicals that may enter the nasal passages. The receptors immediately trigger off a signal to the brain. This creates the smell perception. THE ESOPHAGUS Esophagus is a muscular tube. The esophagus carries food from the throat to the stomach. The esophagus and the pharynx situated behind the mouth swallow the food and move it to the stomach. The stomach temporarily stores the food, mixes it with digestive juices, and carries out some digestion. The esophagus also holds the stomach contents in place. Actually, this function is carried out by the lower esophageal sphincter. This sphincter is a muscle. It is located at the lower end of the esophagus. THE PHARYNX The pharynx is a passageway for both air and food. The pharynx connects the nose and mouth with the windpipe (trachea) and the food pipe (esophagus). The pharynx is a muscular tube. The pharynx is located within the neck. The pharynx is lined with a mucous membrane. The pharynx is approximately five inches (13 cm) in length. The pharynx lies in the front of the spinal column. The upper portion of the pharynx is known as nasopharynx. The name arises as it begins in the back of the nasal cavity.. The lower part is oropharynx. It points to that area in the back of the mouth. The pharynx ends at the epiglottis. Epiglottis is a flap of cartilage. Epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea. However, the epiglottis allows the food to enter the esophagus. Two eustachian tubes connect the pharynx to the middle ear. These eustachian equalizes the eardrums air pressure. The pharynx can be infected via the mouth as well as the nose. Sore throat involves pharynx infection (pharyngitis) or throat inflammation. Pharyngitis can be due to infectious mononucleosis, herpes, and viral infections. The viral infections are German measles (rubella), influenza, and common cold. It can also be caused by bacteria like staphylococcal, streptococcal, chlamydial, and diphtherial. These bacteria multiply cause sore throat by multiplying rapidly within the pharynx. Tonsils and Adenoids Among the adults the pharynx contains the tonsils, while among the children the pharynx contains the adenoids. Tonsils: Tonsils are lymphoid tissues at the back of the throat. Tonsils form a tissue ring around the pharynx or the throat. Tonsils are cells. Tonsils are similar to the bloodstream lymphocytes. Tonsils are embedded in fibrous connective tissues. Tonsils are covered by a single epithelium layer. The lymphoid cells are phagocytic. The cells protect the pharynx from bacteria that can cause diseases. Tonsils may become inflamed and chronically or acutely infected. This condition is called tonsillitis. It is generally caused by streptococcus infection. During tonsillitis and streptococcal, the tissues surrounding the tonsils form pus. Then a whitish coat forms over the tonsils which can appear as white specks. This state is called quinsy. When the pharyngeal tonsils become inflamed they become abnormally large. They are called adenoids. Acute cases of tonsillitis are often treated by antibiotics like penicillin. Chronic recurrent tonsillitis may be treated by tonsillectomy (surgical removal of the tonsils). Adenoids: Adenoids are lymphoid tissue at the back of the throat. Adenoids usually shrink and disappear by adolescence. Enlargement of this tissue is common among children. Such a state can interfere with breathing. Symptoms of enlarged adenoids include restless sleep, snoring, breathing via mouth, and a nasal voice. Earlier, these tissues were removed in children. It was thought that inflamed adenoids led to recurrent colds and infections. Nowadays, this condition is recognized as benign. As a result, there are lesser adenoidectomies. THE LARYNX From the pharynx, the inhaled air moves to the larynx. The larynx is about five inches (13 cm) in length. The larynx is located in the central part of the neck. The larynx is made up of several layers of flexible but tough cartilage, a tissue. Mentionably, during puberty the males experience a protrusion of the cartilage. This enlarged prominent extension at the neck is called the Adam’s apple. FUNCTIONS OF THE LARYNX The larynx primarily transports air to the wind pipe (trachea). Besides, the larynx also helps in producing the sounds. The epiglottis -- a leaflike thin tissue portion of the larynx -- further prevents the food from entering the trachea (thus obviating the possibility of choking). Moreover, the cilia cells as well as the mucous membrane of the larynx also filter air. The cilia cells take the airborne substances towards the pharynx where they are swallowed. The epiglottis: The epiglottis stem is attached to the top and the front portions of the larynx. When the epiglottis remains in a vertical position, it acts like a trap door. This happens during the breathing process. But as a person starts swallowing, a reflexive action forces the epiglottis and the larynx to move near each other toward each other. This coming closer of the epiglottis and the larynx forms a protective seal. As a result, the fluids and food are specifically sent towards the food pipe (esophagus). When the reflexive action doesn’t work: What happens when the reflexive action doesn’t function is that the food can enter the larynx. This happens when one eats the meal fats or when one laughs while swallowing. The result is that there will be a recurrent cough impelled choking effect. At times this apparently simple choking effect can even be life-threatening. The cough is the body’s reflexive action to clear the larynx of the impediment. Whenever such choking takes place, someone must thump the back portion between the shoulder blades several times. This will help the person to get over the choking effect. The Heimlich maneuver: The Heimlich maneuver clears the windpipe of obstructions like food or fluid. The first-aid providing person applies thrusts in quick and in upward motion at the patient’s abdomen. The objective is to expel the object stuck at the trachea (windpipe). Standing behind the victim, the person keeps both his arms across the patient’s waist. Then, he places the fist of one hand below the rib cage and a bit above the navel. All the while, he keeps the thumb against the patient’s body. He uses the other hand for holding the fist and for applying pressure. Next, he puts quick pressure on the abdomen. The pressure is put in an inward and an upward motion. This fast recurrent action forces the lung air to get rid of the substance blocking the windpipe. However, in cases where the patient cannot stand still, is overweight, faints following the choking effect, the Heimlich maneuver is done in a different manner. The patient is made to lie face down. The first-aid provider carries on the process with the heel of a hand. Important: Nonetheless, it is important that the person does not put undue pressure on the rib cage. This is especially true when the patient is a child or an elderly person. Too much pressure can break ribs. Pertaining to pregnant woman or overweight people, the first-aid provider must place his hands only on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum) while carrying out the maneuver. In acute choking, tracheotomy (a surgical procedure) is undertaken to carry out bypass of the larynx. This operation brings in air to the trachea. TRACHEA, BRONCHI, AND BRONCHIOLES The trachea is another tube measuring approximately six inches (15 cm). The trachea is located below the larynx. From the larynx the air passes on to the trachea. About 20 sturdy C-shaped cartilage rings constitute the trachea. These rings help to keep the trachea open. In the process, air gets transported unhindered. While the unfastened cartilage is located at the trachea’s back portion, their ends are linked to each other by muscle tissues. Bronchi & bronchioles: The trachea base is situated at the portion where the neck meets the body trunk. At this juncture, the trachea splits into the right and the left bronchi. These bronchi transport air to the right and left lungs respectively. Inside the lungs, these bronchi again break up into smaller tubes -- the bronchioles. In fact, the respiratory system’s cleansing process is carried out by those bronchioles that are situated at the initial part, bronchi, and the trachea. These organs carry out the cleansing process via the mucous membrane linings as well as the ciliated cells. These cilia and the lining push the mucus upward towards the pharynx. Alveoli & capillaries: Alveoli are minute sacs inside the lungs. Most of the alveoli are lung tissues. Alveoli are formed by the bronchioles as they divide several times. The alveoli along with the bronchioles resemble a tree. The alveoli are only 0.02 inches (0.5 mm) in diameter. There are about 150 million alveoli in each lung. The alveoli carry out a dual function. While providing oxygen to the circulatory system, they also remove carbon dioxide from the lungs. The thin elastic alveoli walls expand when air moves into them. The walls collapse to exhale the air. The alveoli remain in clusters like the grapes. Each cluster is surrounded by capillaries. The capillaries are thin-walled and form a dense net of tiny hairs. The alveoli wall air is generally located 0.2 microns away from the blood carried by the capillary. Mentionably, the alveoli have more oxygen concentration then the capillaries. So, oxygen disseminates to capillaries from alveoli. Through the capillaries, oxygen goes to the larger vessels. These vessels then transport the oxygenated blood to the heart. Next, the heart pumps the cleaned blood to the other parts of the body. Macrophages: Among the alveoli are interspersed many macrophages. The macrophages are blood cells. These large white cells act as the last sentinels of the respiratory system among the alveoli. The macrophages segregate the foreign elements which may have passed through the earlier filtration process. This last line of defense ensures that the alveoli are not infected. Carbon dioxide disposal: The cells from across the body dump Carbon dioxide as a waste product. It is dumped in the bloodstream. The blood carries Carbon dioxide into the heart. From the heart, the Carbon dioxide moves to the alveolar capillaries. Notably, the capillaries have more concentration of carbon dioxide than the alveoli. So, carbon dioxide gets diffused into the alveoli from the capillaries. 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Cialis (Tadalfil) is in a class of drugs called phophodiesterase inhibitors. FDA approved Tadalfil – Cialis in 2003 for the treatment of men who experience difficulty having and maintaining an erection. Cialis (Tadalfil), an oral treatment for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) in men, is a selective inhibitor of cyclic quanosine monophosphate (cGMP) - specific phophodiesterase type 5 (PDE 5). Cialis is available in the form of tablets which contains 5, 10 or 20 mg of Tadalfil and inactive ingredients like croscarmellose sodium, hydroxpropyl cellulose, hypromellose, iron oxide, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulphate, talc, titanium dioxide and triacetin. Recommended dose of Cialis in most patients is 10mg taken prior to sexual intercourse. Both Cialis and Viagra work in the same way, by helping blood vessels in the penis to relax allowing blood to flow into the penis causing an erection. Cialis is slightly different from the other ED drugs available in the market as it may work up to 36 hrs after dosing. Cialis is available online with various sites offering cheap Cialis. Forzest is the Indian answer to Cialis and is manufactured by Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. Forzest is same as Tadalfil and is also known as Generic Cialis. When a doctor prescribes and while buying it on the net there may be a choice between a brand – name medicine and the generic version of that medicine. Generic Cialis is available online and one can buy generic Cialis from these legal sites. There are variants of Generic Cialis available in the market – they are called generic Cialis or generic Tadalfil. They have the same composition as the branded Cialis. One can buy generic drugs as they only may look different because in the US, FDA does not allow it to look the same. Colors, flavors and certain other inactive ingredients may be different but the core ingredient remains the same. As most of the drugs fall under the patent law many companies are lining up to manufacture generic forms of the brand name drugs going off patent. Many Indian companies are in the race for regulatory approval to introduce medicines in the highly lucrative North American market. Many Chinese companies are also scaling up capabilities so that they could also foray into the generic market. All these companies need to file DMFs (drug masters file) before the US FDA detailing confidential information about manufacturing, processing and storing of drugs. They contain information about what is usually referred to as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), the core component of a drug. DMFs are also meant to support abbreviated new drug applications (ANDA). An ANDA approval is required to register generic versions of patented medicines that generate huge potential for what are often called ‘copycats’ of the drugs going off patent. pennis enlargement cream free penis enlargement tip penile enlargment product plastic surgery penis enargement cheap pennis enlargement penis enargement pills vimax penis pill penis enlargement device permanent penile enlargment

There is nothing worse for a relationship than neglect, you need to keep your relationship fresh and passionate and this is what this article is all about. A relationship is like a bank account. If you constantly make withdrawals and no deposits, the bank account will soon close for lack of funds. So too, relying on a few plain old sexual positions will usually result in both partners of a relationship becoming bored, and eventually, the sexual (and love making) act, will appear bland and uninteresting. It seems that each couple develops a kind of routine; and if the couple really cares about each other, they will have a place in this routine for “new and cool stuff”. This article is about that, and it can keep your Sexlife alive and exciting. Consider a quick change from the bed in the bedroom is the chair in the living room. Believe it or not, having sex on a chair can be as varied as on the bed, gives the couple a whole new range of sensations, and can be fun as well. There are few basic positions, and these have also their variants, and allows the couple to be very creative (giving a warm loving feeling as well). Basic Position: Knelling on the Chair. In the position you use a standard dining room chair, with high back. The girl kneels on the chair and faces the back of the chair holding on to start. The man enters from the rear (a variant of the doggy-style pose) but with a lot of advantages. The guy can massage his partner, fondle her breasts, and stimulate her clitoris. This allows for deep penetration, and slow and long trusting is advised. The girl can push back with her hands creating greater friction. This is a very sexy position, and almost always ends up in mutual orgasm. Basic Position Two: Seeing “eye to eye” For this position you use either the sofa for an arm chair. The man sits down normally and the woman then sits on the man’s lap, but her legs over each of the arms of the chair. The man easily enters, and this position the couple are really eye to eye. The man now supports his partner at her waste, and helps her move up and down. This position allows for both maximum clitoral and G-spot stimulation and can end in a dramatic orgasm for the woman. Second Position: The Jackknife Here the couple are assumed to be more or less athletic. The woman rests her arms to the elbow on the chair seat, and holds on the back of the chair. The man then lifts her legs, and supports her, and the woman will wrap her legs around the man’s waist and back. The man enters her, and there is no trusting, only deep penetration. This has minimal clitoral or G-spot stimulation, but it is a very unique feeling and often the couple reach an orgasm quickly, as the movements are very intimate. Second Position: Across the Sea Here the woman lays across the arm chair, and not sitting on it. She is in a prone position, using one arm for a pillow and the other arm supporting her pelvic area. The man enters from the rear, and the woman then, if she wishes, can bring her legs together, giving the man an exquisite feeling. This allows for clitoral friction and some G-spot stimulation as the man’s penis will tend to trust downward. It is a wonderfully personal position, and allows for much intimacy between the couple. Keeping your Sexlife alive does require variety, so try the above. best penis enlagement surgery pennis enlargement pic before and after penile enlargment tip penis enlagement excercises penile enlargement procedure free penile enlargment technique enlarement forum free matter penis size penile enlargement herb permanent penile enlargment

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Ever heard of arousal step-down techniques? How about the PC muscle and Kegels? If you're like most guys, you probably haven't. And as such, most men - unaware of the numerous ways they can boost their sexual skill and 'lasting' power - regularly produce mediocre performances in bed, leaving themselves disappointed and the women they're with disillusioned and usually orgasmless. It's a real shame. In a poll, 93% of men asked, said they'd like to last longer in bed before ejaculating - but 100% of those men were unaware of how they could achieve such a seemingly impossible feat. The truth is, it's not impossible (or even difficult) to maximise your sexual performance and attain complete control over how long you boogie for and generally get on down with the ladies. So, let's take a look at one sexual method that'll allow you massive control over your arousal levels and always give you the choice of when to cum or when to continue. During sex, most men begin to lose control of themselves (in terms of ejaculation!) at around the 2 or 3 minute mark - which is usually midway through the first sexual position. And what a letdown ejaculating at this point would be! So, that's usually the first point at which you'll use this technique. It involves two steps. The first takes place in your mind - which is the root of many a male's sexual performance troubles. 1. When you first feel those telltale sensations in your penis (the heightened sensitivity and energy that let you know that if you carry on doing what you're doing you'll soon explode) don't panic! Too many men are pushed over the edge, right to ejaculation, because they mentally begin to panic when they feel they're close to orgasm. Panic phrases rush through their heads, like: "Uh oh, I'm gonna blow!" and "Not again, this is going to be embarrassing." Instead of letting these counter-productive thoughts fill your mind and quicken the onset of orgasm, instead calmly say in your head: "Okay, I'm close to ejaculating. Time to use an arousal step-down technique." Then move onto step number two. 2. The most sensitive part of your penis is the top of the shaft and especially the head. To decrease its stimulation (without stopping the 'action') slowly and deeply thrust into your partner, as far as you can go and she can pleasurably take. Then, gently grind your hips, wiggling your pubic bone (the hard area above your penis, about 8 inches down from your belly button) on her vagina. To her, this seems and feels like a wonderful stroke variation, which gives her external clitoral stimulation (the number one way to make any woman orgasm). However, behind the scenes, it's momentarily decreasing your stimulation, enabling you to last longer. This happens because when you plunge deep into her, your penis enters a wider area of her vagina, which lessens its contact and stimulation. Then, to cap it off, you grind and wiggle, instead of thrusting in and out, which further decreases the intense sensations of sex. After 30 seconds or so, your arousal levels will have dropped enough for you to restart your thrusting. By using this technique, you're able to control your urge to pop without stopping sex and while giving your partner extra sexual stimulation. Now how much better a technique is that for tackling premature ejaculation when compared to what most people consider to be effective techniques? Things like: "Count backward from 100" and "Think of dead puppies!" Sex, as you well know, is all about fun. Using the 2-step technique above, you can fully enjoy the experience - without the worry of it all being over too soon!